How to Draw Eyes

How to Draw the Eye. Print on Ebay.

From The Principles of Drawing by Gerard De Lairesse. Published by Thomas Bowles: 1752, London. 5th Edition.

From the Title page:

The Principles of Drawing: or, An Easy and Familiar Method whereby Youth are directed in the Practice of the useful Art. Being A COMPLEAT DRAWING BOOK: Containing a Curious Collection of Examples in all the Variety of Cases; As the several Parts of the Human Body, whole Figures, Landskips, Cattle, Building etc. curiously Engraved on Copper-Plates, after the Designs of Albert Durer, Abrah. Bloemart, Carlo Morac, Le Clerc, Hollar, and other Great Masters. To which is prefix'd, AN INTRODUCTION TO DRAWING; Containg an Account of the Instruments and Materials used in DRAWING, and the Method of managing them; also Instructions to form the Judgment of a young Beginner, and direct his Hand in Practice, with easy and proper Lessons for him at the first Entrance. ALSO, Easy and Proper Lessons for a YOUNG BEGINNER, with Instructions to form his Judgment and direct his Practice. Translated from the FRENCH of Monsieur GERARD DE LAIRESSE, and improved with Abstracts from C.A. Du Fresnoy.

Gerard de Lairesse: An Artist betweeen Stage and Studio



  
The principles of drawing: or, an easy and familiar method whereby youth are directed in the practice of that useful art. Being a compleat drawing book

A treatise on the art of painting, in all its branches; accompanied by seventy engraved plates, and exemplified by remarks on the paintings of the best masters ..

The principles of design for the curious young gentlemen and ladies, who study and practice the ... art of drawing, colouring and japanning: or a new and ... drawing-book; ... introduction to drawing

French Academic Study of the eye. Drawing on Ebay.

Dissection of an Eye. Print on Ebay.

From Govard Bidloo's monumental work "Anatomia humani corporis or Ontleding des menschelyken lichaams", Dutch Edition, was published in 1690 in Amsterdam by Joannes van Someren, Joannes van Dyk, Hendrik, and Dirk Boom.

Brief Van G. Bidloo Aan Antony Van Leeuwenhoek (1698) (Dutch Edition)

Anatomy of the Eye from from a famous German encyclopedia: 'Meyers grosses Konversations-Lexikon.' ca. 1897 edition, published in Leipzig and Vienna.

Dissection of an Eye. Print on Ebay.

Meyers grosses konversations-lexikon: Ein nachschlagewerk des allgemeinen wissens (German Edition)

Also see: How to Draw Eyes - The Cyclopedia Book of Plates


This plate is from Johann Daniel Preissler's Die durch Theorie erfundene Practic, oder Gründlich-verfasste Reguln (The theory invented by practice, or Multiple-authored Rules) based on studies and analysis of the works of master of painting, and which also included sections on flowers, ornaments and landscape.

More about him at this post: How to Draw People - Johann Daniel Preissler.

How to Draw Eyes - The Cyclopedia Book of Plates

These images of the anatomy of the eye are from a book titled The Cyclopedia Book of Plates dated 1809.  I am not sure which Cyclopedia they are from. The Encyclopedia Britannica was in print at that time as was Ephraim Chamber's Cyclopedia.

Both prints are for sale on Ebay.

A webpage with extensive reference to Ephraim Chamber's Cyclopedia.

University of Wisconsin digitized version of Chamber's Cyclopedia.

Illustration from: The cyclopaedia of anatomy and physiology.

  

Sculpture and Painting (The Iconographic Encyclopedia of the Arts and Sciences)
Constructive Arts (The Iconographic Encyclopedia of the Arts and Sciences)
Iconographic encyclopedia of the arts and sciences

1910 Encyclopedia Britannica Eleventh Edition. 29 volume set including index
Encyclopedia Britannica. A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information: 11th (Eleventh) Edition, plus 12th (Twelfth) and 13th (Thirteenth) Edition Supplements

Related book with reproductions of old prints:

The Human Figure: A Sourcebook for Artists and Designers (Pepin Picture Collections)

How to Draw the Features of the Face - Art Recreations by Prof. Henry Day and Madame L.B. Urbino

A strangely inclusive book on making art with entries ranging from drawing to painting and color mixing, varnishing, and gilding, to making decorative art from seeds and shells has examples of how drawing was taught in the mid nineteenth century.


The book is called Art Recreations and was authored by Levina Buoncuore Urbino and Henry Day. You can see a copy of it at Google books or order a reprint from Amazon.com: Art Recreations: Being A Complete Guide To Pencil Drawing, Oil Painting, Watercolor Painting, Grecian Painting And Many Others.




This is an example on one of the instruction pages:



Art Recreations









A progressive drawing book published before Art Recreations was Rembrandt Peale's Graphics: a manual of drawing and writing, for the use of schools and families


The kind of drawing lessons shown in this book were greatly expanded upon to make a series of lessons later turned into a complete book by J. G. Chapman, The American Drawing-Book: A manual for the amateur, and basis of study for the professional artist ; especially adapted to the use of public and private schools, as well as home instruction.



Portions of Chapman's American Drawing Book are reprinted to show their influence on the drawing journal of a young Yale student named Harry Cook in How Harry Cook Learned to Draw. Download a copy at Figure-Drawings.com.














A digital edition of Chapman's American Drawing Book for viewing on the web is at the University of Wisconsin Digital Collections.

Here is a link to a blog at Princeton University about an exhibition of drawing books published around the time as these two were which was the same time that legislatures around the country were making the study of drawing a mandatory subject in response to the dawning of the industrial age.

Legislating Mandatory Drawing Classes in the United States.

Books similar to the progressive drawing book shown in the post can be seen at:

A Course of Sepia Painting

A Course of Painting in Neutral Tint

A Course of Water Colour Painting

Another progressive drawing book: A Progressive Drawing Book for Beginners
By Philip Henry Delamotte